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		Organikum (Wonderful Personality) 10-17-04 09:55 No 536169				Cold Fusion Breakthrough? (Rated as: good read)
						Cold Fusion Breakthrough? Haiko Lietz   17.10.2004 Involved researchers expect a review of the US Department of Energy to catalyse scientific recognition of their research field After 15 years of uncertainty, Cold Fusion is possibly close to its breakthrough. Many dozens of researchers from all over the world claim to have measured the fusion of nuclei at room temperature. A review of the accumulated evidence by the US Department of Energy is about to be finished. Researchers, who have steadily worked on the subject, wish for recognition that low energy nuclear reactions represent a legitimate scientific field of inquiry. Please read the whole article which includes lots of links and references here: http://www.heise.de/tp/english/inhalt/co/18580/1.html so near, so far......
		epistemologicide 10-17-04 11:25				the real break thru (Rated as: redundant)
		Organikum (Wonderful Personality) 10-17-04 12:34 No 536176				Interesting is that the transformation of...
						Interesting is that the transformation of hydrogen to helium using palladium electrodes is not new to science and was not discovered by Fleischmann and Pons. 1927 was and article published in "Berichte der Chemischen Gesellschaft" written by the Berlin chemists Paneth, Peters and Günther, named "Über die Verwandlung von Wasserstoff in Helium" which describes the phenomen. It got forgotten over the run for the bomb and the reactors needed for the production of fissible material. A drawback of this research is that it may lead to the hydrogen-bomb for the layman, cold fusion triggering hot fusion. But I see this danger as a small one, not at least as interested maniacs are situated on the intellectual level of epistemologicide and therefor not able to repair a lawnmower, I even want to question their ability to change a lightbulb. PS: I have not read the article from 1927 by now, I relied on the information on this page, which is usually valid: http://www.heise.de/tp/deutsch/special/zen/17061/1.html so near, so far......
		epistemologicide 10-17-04 12:50				since when have i been a dumb ass. (Rated as: insignificant)
		Organikum (Wonderful Personality) 10-17-04 13:24 No 536179				tz, tz...
						im sorry but there is no wisdom in main stram science. There is enough wisdom in this science to provide you with a computer and an internet to bitch about exactly this science. I have a nice project for you: "Investigations on Newtons bogus law of action and reaction using a sheep standing at the edge of a cliff" Good one, isn´t it? Here you go, master of the "earth battery"! so near, so far......
		Lilienthal (Moderator) 10-17-04 13:25 No 536180				From: http://chronicle.com/free/v49/i21/21b0200...
						From: http://chronicle.com/free/v49/i21/21b02001.htm The Seven Warning Signs of Bogus Science I began this list of warning signs to help federal judges detect scientific nonsense. But as I finished the list, I realized that in our increasingly technological society, spotting voodoo science is a skill that every citizen should develop. 1. The discoverer pitches the claim directly to the media. The integrity of science rests on the willingness of scientists to expose new ideas and findings to the scrutiny of other scientists. Thus, scientists expect their colleagues to reveal new findings to them initially. An attempt to bypass peer review by taking a new result directly to the media, and thence to the public, suggests that the work is unlikely to stand up to close examination by other scientists. One notorious example is the claim made in 1989 by two chemists from the University of Utah, B. Stanley Pons and Martin Fleischmann, that they had discovered cold fusion -- a way to produce nuclear fusion without expensive equipment. Scientists did not learn of the claim until they read reports of a news conference. Moreover, the announcement dealt largely with the economic potential of the discovery and was devoid of the sort of details that might have enabled other scientists to judge the strength of the claim or to repeat the experiment. (Ian Wilmut's announcement that he had successfully cloned a sheep was just as public as Pons and Fleischmann's claim, but in the case of cloning, abundant scientific details allowed scientists to judge the work's validity.) Some scientific claims avoid even the scrutiny of reporters by appearing in paid commercial advertisements. A health-food company marketed a dietary supplement called Vitamin O in full-page newspaper ads. Vitamin O turned out to be ordinary saltwater. 2. The discoverer says that a powerful establishment is trying to suppress his or her work. The idea is that the establishment will presumably stop at nothing to suppress discoveries that might shift the balance of wealth and power in society. Often, the discoverer describes mainstream science as part of a larger conspiracy that includes industry and government. Claims that the oil companies are frustrating the invention of an automobile that runs on water, for instance, are a sure sign that the idea of such a car is baloney. In the case of cold fusion, Pons and Fleischmann blamed their cold reception on physicists who were protecting their own research in hot fusion. 3. The scientific effect involved is always at the very limit of detection. Alas, there is never a clear photograph of a flying saucer, or the Loch Ness monster. All scientific measurements must contend with some level of background noise or statistical fluctuation. But if the signal-to-noise ratio cannot be improved, even in principle, the effect is probably not real and the work is not science. Thousands of published papers in para-psychology, for example, claim to report verified instances of telepathy, psychokinesis, or precognition. But those effects show up only in tortured analyses of statistics. The researchers can find no way to boost the signal, which suggests that it isn't really there. 4. Evidence for a discovery is anecdotal. If modern science has learned anything in the past century, it is to distrust anecdotal evidence. Because anecdotes have a very strong emotional impact, they serve to keep superstitious beliefs alive in an age of science. The most important discovery of modern medicine is not vaccines or antibiotics, it is the randomized double-blind test, by means of which we know what works and what doesn't. Contrary to the saying, "data" is not the plural of "anecdote." 5. The discoverer says a belief is credible because it has endured for centuries. There is a persistent myth that hundreds or even thousands of years ago, long before anyone knew that blood circulates throughout the body, or that germs cause disease, our ancestors possessed miraculous remedies that modern science cannot understand. Much of what is termed "alternative medicine" is part of that myth. Ancient folk wisdom, rediscovered or repackaged, is unlikely to match the output of modern scientific laboratories. 6. The discoverer has worked in isolation. The image of a lone genius who struggles in secrecy in an attic laboratory and ends up making a revolutionary breakthrough is a staple of Hollywood's science-fiction films, but it is hard to find examples in real life. Scientific breakthroughs nowadays are almost always syntheses of the work of many scientists. 7. The discoverer must propose new laws of nature to explain an observation. A new law of nature, invoked to explain some extraordinary result, must not conflict with what is already known. If we must change existing laws of nature or propose new laws to account for an observation, it is almost certainly wrong.
		Organikum (Wonderful Personality) 10-17-04 13:28 No 536181				At least you havent bothered reading the ...
						At least you havent bothered reading the article Lilienthal. Diffamation is no argument. There is a question mark in the first post - right at start. You may have overlooked it. so near, so far......
		wareami 10-17-04 14:26				Peer Review.... (Rated as: incomprehensible)
		Osmium (Stoni's sexual toy) 10-17-04 16:36 No 536196				Very interesting. I've heard about the DoE...
						Very interesting. I've heard about the DoE review before, and also about promising results obtained in several independent labs. It's nice to be able to read such a condensed version of what's currently going on. I am still somewhat sceptical and will not yet accept cold fusion as a proven fact, although many findings indeed seem to point in that direction. Something is going on here, and it needs to be investigated, if only to disprove and debunk it once and for all (which hopefully will not happen). Certainly an area of science which should be considered for the next X-Prize. If I had shitloads of money left over and didn't know what to do with it like certain US entrepreneurs from the software and computer sector I'd consider dropping a few millions into that corner. BUSH/CHENEY 2004! After all, it ain't my country! www.american-buddha.com/addict.war.1.htm
		Unobtainium (Minister of Propaganda) 10-17-04 22:57 No 536248				leftover money
						You don't have any leftover money? What happened to that big bonus we gave you 5 years ago? You couldn't have spent $25 already. The US isn't the only country with billionaires. It's obvious that governments can not achieve what a few well financed people can. The X-prize delivered the first vehicle capable of space flight in less than two years with several others on the way. Nasa hasn't been able to redesign the space program in 30 years. It's too bad the insanely wealthy donate money to useless shit like the arts instead of to important things that will actually benefit society. If I were a billionaire, the world would have heated toilet seats.
		MargaretThatcher (Hive Bee) 10-18-04 00:38 No 536260				Mumbo Jumbo
						The linked article bore no evidence for cold fusion. Who has time to read through dozens of woo-woo scientific papers just to spot the fallacies? When Nature publishes evidence for cold fusion, it might be worth paying attention. Are you, or have you ever been a Liberal? YES / NO
		epistemologicide 10-28-04 05:19				from counter order and myself (Rated as: wanking)
		epistemologicide (Hive Addict) 11-07-04 02:33 No 540107				naudins take on CF
						naudin (from jl labs web page)just come back from the ICCF-11 (International Conference on Cold Fusion) done in Marseille during (oct 31 - nov 5), and has just updated his web site with two very interesting technical reports and demonstrations relative to the CFR (Cold Fusion Reactor) project : - First presentation : _http://jlnlabs.imars.com/cfr/mizuno/index.htm_ (http://jlnlabs.imars.com/cfr/mizuno/index.htm) Experimental study of glow discharge in light water with W electrodes by Tadahiko Mizuno, D.Y. Chung, Y. Aoki and F. Senftle - Second presentation : _http://jlnlabs.imars.com/cfr/lorio/index.htm_ (http://jlnlabs.imars.com/cfr/lorio/index.htm) Transmutation of metal at low energy in confined plasma in the water by Vincenzo Lorio, Domenico Cirillo, Alessandro Dattilo The main page of the CFR Project is at : _http://jlnlabs.imars.com/cfr/_ (http://jlnlabs.imars.com/cfr/) , by the frog man (french) Jean-Louis Naudin Web site : http://www.jlnlabs.org personally i think its a WANKjust like os stated in the beggining, when swim was all enthus about him when this french fuker started his independent testing, but compared to what i hear you ask? (i put that thought into your head ) sodium almuniate and the rv sonofusion, the one eguene mallove was killed about..you should keep those notes, they will bee verifyed in the near future (not by me im not using rv sonofusion) here is an education orgy neglected to mention about cold fusion. look up egugene mallove http://www.pureenergysystems.com/obituaries/2004/EugeneMallove/ he was a pioneer of cold fusion, and was killed, why? cause he had a secret that he keept to himself, what was it? ah too bad, i already gave it , as hector the inventor of the rv gave it to us in my pdf.. sodium aluminate, instead of expensive palladium.. use sodium aluminate solution, mixing aluminium with lye, its the catalyst for creating the magic, resonance creates the sonofusion use the RV triple flux output into the cold fusion cell any ways i working on midways what is wisodom thread and doing a 100 projects at once, lol, like os said http://217.159.169.126/~creator/public/ZPE/files/consolidated_knowledge.pdf no more sacred laws
		Osmium (Stoni's sexual toy) 11-07-04 09:46 No 540168				Thanks for reminding me jemma.
						Thanks for reminding me jemma. The election is over and you haven't posted about your project yet. Nothing. Not one single post. You know what that means jemma, don't you? Good fucking bye, was nice knowing you. You will be missed (hahaha suuure!). BUSH/CHENEY 2004! After all, it ain't my country! www.american-buddha.com/addict.war.1.htm
		Lestat (Hive Bee) 11-07-04 16:59 No 540215				You know full well he would bee, remember last
						You know full well he would bee, remember last time, when JJ and honey badger got removed? How many complaints were there over that? quite a few as I remember, and I imagine that a fair few lurkers who never post would also miss him, as was said, he adds character to the board. Over unity and rivers of blood for all!
		Organikum (Wonderful Personality) 11-07-04 17:50 No 540221				You are dumb as bread Lestat, thats for sure...
						You are dumb as bread Lestat, thats for sure the utmost moronic way to talk to Osmium and you do JJ-pistelpastel-HB no favor for sure. And yes, I am qualified to judge this. Actually I am overqualified. Back on topic: btw. this thread was intended to discuss something whats often called "cold fusion" but what would be better described as anomalies detected during the electrolysis of deuterium with noble metal electrodes and whats coming up from this. And thats something VERY interesting as I believe, I dont dare to say what will result from all this but there are hints it may be something BIG. so near, so far......
		midway (Hive Bee) 11-08-04 20:45 No 540473				Re: I am still somewhat sceptical and will not
						I am still somewhat sceptical and will not yet accept cold fusion as a proven fact, although many findings indeed seem to point in that direction. Something is going on here, and it needs to be investigated, if only to disprove and debunk it once and for all (which hopefully will not happen). You certainly have changed dear moderator! on topic, i often bitch to my family about the sheer stupidity of not investing more government funds in energy research..i suppose 30 years to total fossil fuel depletion is not scary enough for those in charge. I suppose if we close our eyes, china wont be a developing nation anymore.
		scarmani (Hive Bee) 11-09-04 12:50 No 540631				More LENR Info
						http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_fusion is probably the most objective overview of cold fusion / LENR on the web. It provides a link to the following PDF: http://www.newenergytimes.com/reports/DOE/2004-DOE-Summary-Paper.pdf "The experimental evidence for anomalies in metal deuterides, including excess heat and nuclear emissions, suggests the existence of new physical effects." http://popularmechanics.com/science/research/2004/8/dangerous_science/print.phtml is an article with an interesting perspective. Other articles worth reading: http://www.spectrum.ieee.org/WEBONLY/resource/sep04/0904nfus.html http://www.nytimes.com/2004/03/25/science/25FUSI.html http://www.lenr-canr.org/index.html is a good source for those who wish to read the scientific papers on the subject. Also check out http://world.std.com/~mica/cft.html, I remain very interested by the work being done at http://www.blacklightpower.com http://www.hydrino.org/ http://groups.yahoo.com/group/hydrino/ I am not ready to say I buy a share (especially re: the specifics of Mills' theoretical attack on standard quantum mechanics); on the other hand it appears that the Blacklight people have been able to get some very intriguing experimental results which deserve serious additional scrutiny.  For example, the following paper in the very reputable Journal of Applied Physics: Water bath calorimetric study of excess heat generation in "resonant transfer" plasmas Jonathan Phillips, Randell L. Mills and Xuemin Chen, Journal of Applied Physics. 96(6), pp. 3095-3102 (2004) DOI:10.1063/1.1778212 Abstract: Water bath calorimetry was used to demonstrate one more peculiar phenomenon associated with a certain class of mixed gas plasmas, termed resonant transfer (RT) plasmas. Specifically, He/H2(10%) (500  mTorr), Ar/H2(10%) (500  mTorr), and H2O(g) (500 and 200  mTorr) plasmas generated with an Evenson microwave cavity consistently yielded on the order of 50% more heat than non-RT plasma (controls) such as He, Kr, Kr/H2(10%) under identical conditions of gas flow, pressure, and microwave operating conditions. The excess power density of RT plasmas was of the order 10  W  cm–3. In earlier studies with these same RT plasmas it was demonstrated that other unusual features were present including dramatic broadening of the hydrogen Balmer series lines, unique vacuum ultraviolet lines, and, in the case of water plasmas, population inversion of the hydrogen excited states. Both the current results and the earlier results are completely consistent with the existence of a hitherto unknown exothermic chemical reaction, such as that predicted by Mills, occurring in RT Plasmas. I really, really hope there is something valid and commercially scalable somewhere along these lines... cause we sure as hell can use all the feasible alternative energy sources we can get. boot from the shadow of a broken mirror
		syschk (Stranger) 11-09-04 22:59 No 540713				cold fussion
						I am still looking for some lost links http://www.newenergytimes.com/Reports/ColdFusionReproducibility.htm interesting little survey also that www.blacklightpower.com in above link is very interesting. However this is not a cold-fusion method of power is it? shadow man keeps me company
		MargaretThatcher (Hive Bee) 11-09-04 23:54 No 540715				Extraordinary Claims
						require extraordinary evidence. Lilienthal sums it up. Are you, or have you ever been a Liberal? YES / NO
		scarmani (Hive Bee) 11-10-04 02:18 No 540729				Bogus Science? or Bogus Dismissal
						The Seven Warning Signs of Bogus Science I would respectfully submit that many of the warning signs Lilienthal offered for bogus science do not apply - or no longer apply - to the "cold fusion" phenomenon. ______  _____  ____  ___  __  _ 1. The discoverer pitches the claim directly to the media. The integrity of science rests on the willingness of scientists to expose new ideas and findings to the scrutiny of other scientists. Thus, scientists expect their colleagues to reveal new findings to them initially. An attempt to bypass peer review by taking a new result directly to the media, and thence to the public, suggests that the work is unlikely to stand up to close examination by other scientists. One notorious example is the claim made in 1989 by two chemists from the University of Utah, B. Stanley Pons and Martin Fleischmann, that they had discovered cold fusion -- a way to produce nuclear fusion without expensive equipment. Scientists did not learn of the claim until they read reports of a news conference. Moreover, the announcement dealt largely with the economic potential of the discovery and was devoid of the sort of details that might have enabled other scientists to judge the strength of the claim or to repeat the experiment. (Ian Wilmut's announcement that he had successfully cloned a sheep was just as public as Pons and Fleischmann's claim, but in the case of cloning, abundant scientific details allowed scientists to judge the work's validity.) I will agree that Pons and Fleischmann's behavior in March 1989 falls short of the conventional standards of scientific ethics and etiquette.  Although Pons and Fleischmann had submitted their results to peer review in the scientific community long before they went public with their claims, their premature announcement effectively bypassed standard publication procedure, cast a shadow of doubt on the field, and was unfair to others who had also been doing publishable research in the same field.  I think Pons especially was attracted by the lure of instant fame and pushed for the preemptive press conference. However, since that unfortunate widely publicised incident, hundreds of peer reviewed scientific papers have been published without media fanfare.  Many of them provide real evidence of an unexplained excess heat phenomenon involving some kind of unexpected nuclear reaction at around room temperature.  Several different approaches have each yielded similar results, from the standard palladium electrolytic cell method and variations, to sonoluminescence and even glow discharge / microwave plasmas. ______  _____  ____  ___  __  _ 2. The discoverer says that a powerful establishment is trying to suppress his or her work. The idea is that the establishment will presumably stop at nothing to suppress discoveries that might shift the balance of wealth and power in society. Often, the discoverer describes mainstream science as part of a larger conspiracy that includes industry and government. Claims that the oil companies are frustrating the invention of an automobile that runs on water, for instance, are a sure sign that the idea of such a car is baloney. In the case of cold fusion, Pons and Fleischmann blamed their cold reception on physicists who were protecting their own research in hot fusion. Just because you're paranoid doesn't mean they're not out to get you!  In the case of new energy, there are indeed massive entrenched interests which have shown throughout history a ruthless willingness to pursue self-interest and destroy competitive threats through unethical, sometimes violent means.  Given the sway of the old-energy interests over government and their demonstrable ability to influence the expenditure of hundreds of billions of dollars and set US foreign policy, it is certainly legitimate to question their influence over the relatively insignificant area of research funding priorities as well.  It is clear that coal states such as Pennsylvania, Ohio and West Virginia have secured massive subsidy for continued research into "clean coal" technology.  Agricultural states such as Iowa have successfully pushed for massive ethanol subsidies.  As for the petroleum / natural gas industry, it is in total control of the executive branch of the US government, a fact which should be painfully obvious.  Why is it unreasonable to ask why solar, wind and alternative energy have been so starved of funding?  The dinosaurs are in charge, determined to postpone the inevitable as long as possible.  But the mammals will have their day. ______  _____  ____  ___  __  _ 3. The scientific effect involved is always at the very limit of detection. Alas, there is never a clear photograph of a flying saucer, or the Loch Ness monster. All scientific measurements must contend with some level of background noise or statistical fluctuation. But if the signal-to-noise ratio cannot be improved, even in principle, the effect is probably not real and the work is not science. If you actually bother to look at recent peer reviewed scientific papers being published in the cold fusion area, it will become clear that the effects they are measuring are well beyond the fuzzy margins of detection.  These are unambigious effects being reproducibly observed by legitimate scientists.  Take advantage of the links I gave in my previous post and read through the PDFs - in some cases there is clearly a several order of magnitude signal-to-noise ratio.  It is no longer a question of a marginal and unreproducible effect; now the only question is what is the nature and basis of the phenomenon, and once it is theoretically understood, can it be harnessed as a practical, commercially viable source of energy. ______  _____  ____  ___  __  _ 4. Evidence for a discovery is anecdotal. If modern science has learned anything in the past century, it is to distrust anecdotal evidence. Because anecdotes have a very strong emotional impact, they serve to keep superstitious beliefs alive in an age of science. The most important discovery of modern medicine is not vaccines or antibiotics, it is the randomized double-blind test, by means of which we know what works and what doesn't. Contrary to the saying, "data" is not the plural of "anecdote." This does not apply to the area of cold fusion any more.  Since 1989 the field has basically gone dormant in the eyes of the mass media, and there has been relatively little emotional or anecdotal misinformation being disseminated for public consumption.  Instead, what you see is a small number of persistent scientists continuing to conduct rigorous experiments without the benefit of public funding or publicity.  Their results, often indicating the existence of a real but little-understood effect, have been presented in the form of dry scientific papers, not emotional anecdotes. ______  _____  ____  ___  __  _ 5. The discoverer says a belief is credible because it has endured for centuries. There is a persistent myth that hundreds or even thousands of years ago, long before anyone knew that blood circulates throughout the body, or that germs cause disease, our ancestors possessed miraculous remedies that modern science cannot understand. Much of what is termed "alternative medicine" is part of that myth. Obviously, this does not apply to cold fusion.  The first hints of low energy nuclear reactions came in the early 20th century, and the phenomenon only attained any degree of widespread exposure in the last 15 years. ______  _____  ____  ___  __  _ 6. The discoverer has worked in isolation. The image of a lone genius who struggles in secrecy in an attic laboratory and ends up making a revolutionary breakthrough is a staple of Hollywood's science-fiction films, but it is hard to find examples in real life. Scientific breakthroughs nowadays are almost always syntheses of the work of many scientists. Again, this does not apply to cold fusion any longer.  Pons and Fleischmann may not have worked in a particularly collaborative fashion, but today there is a close-knit and collaborative group of researchers working in the field. http://www.newenergytimes.com/ http://www.iscmns.org/ http://freeenergynews.com/Directory/ColdFusion/ ______  _____  ____  ___  __  _ 7. The discoverer must propose new laws of nature to explain an observation. A new law of nature, invoked to explain some extraordinary result, must not conflict with what is already known. If we must change existing laws of nature or propose new laws to account for an observation, it is almost certainly wrong. First of all, this is a ridiculous and repulsive statement which contradicts the fundamental spirit of science.  You do not alter experimental data to conform to establishment theory; you alter theory to conform to the evidence.  Second of all, the need for new laws of nature may or may not apply to "cold fusion".  Many attempts to explain the phenomenon theoretically have proposed new physics; however it is not clear that existing quantuum mechanics is incapable of explaining the effect.  Condensed matter physics is still poorly understood in many ways.  It seems clear that the low energy nuclear reaction occurs based on the nanoscale structure of materials involved, somewhere at the boundary between quantum and classical effects.  For example, the structure of the palladium electrode seems to play an important role, just as in chemistry there are "activated" catalytic forms of elements or substances, which display unique chemical properties due to their fine nanostructure. Another example of poorly understood but readily demonstrated physical phenomenon is high-temperature superconductivity.  Like the cold fusion phenomenon, high temperature superconductivity is based on advanced materials properties at a nano-scale.  There is still no broadly accepted, comprehensive theoretical explanation for the phenomenon, and it may or may not eventually lead to new physics, but this is not a grounds for dismissing the expermental evidence that the effect is real. If extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence, it may be well to remember that until 1945, the uncontrolled release of nuclear binding energy was probably "woo-woo science" to most residents of Hiroshima. boot from the shadow of a broken mirror
		syschk (Stranger) 11-10-04 08:46 No 540789				re: Extraordinary Claims / evidence
						http://www.lenr-canr.org/LibFrame3.html  <--- how many more people and how many more repeated succesful experiments are going to have to be done before cold fussion is accepted? shadow man keeps me company
		scarmani (Hive Bee) 11-14-04 03:41 No 541483				New Developments in Superconductivity
						High temperature superconductivity is, like cold fusion, a phenomenon which has been experimentally demonstrated, has major potential implications for our use of energy, but for which the theoretical details remain poorly understood.  There is a lot of active research into superconductivity which promises to unravel the mechanism - hopefully the same can blossom for the LENR phenomenon. Recent research by a scientist at the U.S. Department of Energy’s Brookhaven National Laboratory and his collaborators may lead to new advances in electronic circuitry and new clues to the causes of high-temperature superconductivity. The researchers found evidence to support the existence of the theoretical “Giant Proximity Effect,” a physical phenomenon in which a thick layer of a conventional metal conducts like a superconductor – that is, with no resistance – when it is placed in contact with a superconducting material... In past experiments, other researchers have made the same claims, but have been met with skepticism by the scientific community. This is partly due to GPE’s utter inconsistency with the established theory, which states that the electron pairs that make up a supercurrent can travel only one or two tenths of a nanometer before separating. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2004/10/041030203329.htm Some other recent developments in superconductivity research: Scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy’s Brookhaven National Laboratory have uncovered another possible clue to the causes of high-temperature superconductivity, a phenomenon in which the electrical resistance of a material disappears below a certain temperature. In a superconducting compound, they found evidence of a rarely seen arrangement of “holes” – locations where electrons are absent. The results appear in the October 28, 2004, issue of Nature. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2004/10/041030202952.htm Nanotechnology Leads To Discovery Of Super Superconductors:  University of California scientists working at Los Alamos National Laboratory with a researcher from the University of Cambridge have demonstrated a simple and industrially scaleable method for improving the current densities of superconducting coated conductors in magnetic field environments. The discovery has the potential to increase the already impressive carrying capacity of superconducting wires and tapes by as much as 200 to 500 percent in certain uses, like motors and generators, where high magnetic fields diminish current densities. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2004/09/040910080120.htm 'Electronic Crystal' In High-temperature Superconductor:  With equipment so sensitive that it can locate clusters of electrons, Cornell University and University of Tokyo physicists have -- sort of -- explained puzzling behavior in a much-studied high-temperature superconductor, perhaps leading to a better understanding of how such superconductors work.  It turns out that under certain conditions the electrons in the material pretty much ignore the atoms to which they are supposed to be attached, arranging themselves into a neat pattern that looks like a crystal lattice. The behavior occurs in a phase physicists have called a "pseudogap," but because the newly discovered arrangement looks like a checkerboard in scanning tunneling microscope (STM) images, J.C. Séamus Davis, Cornell professor of physics, calls the phenomenon a "checkerboard phase." http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2004/08/040827093842.htm Vibrations In Crystal Lattice Play Big Role In High Temperature Superconductors:  An elegant experiment conducted by University of California, Berkeley, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) scientists, in collaboration with a group of scientists at Tokyo University, shows clearly that in high temperature superconductors, vibrations in the crystal lattice play a significant though unconventional role.  While conventional superconductors are explained by the seminal Nobel-Prize winning Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) theory, high temperature superconductivity is still in search of a theoretical explanation.  In the BCS theory, each electron pairs with an electron of opposite spin to form a new entity, a Cooper pair, that can move without resistance through the material.  The pairing is made possible by interactions between the electrons and the metal atoms vibrating in place in the crystal lattice.  The lattice is the ordered three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in a solid, like the scaffolding of a crystal.  Most researchers studying high temperature superconductors have disregarded these lattice vibrations, called phonons, under the assumption that they play no role in the high temperature superconductors.  According to many of these theories, high temperature superconductivity arises from quantum voids or "holes," which are created by depleting electrons from the sample, moving on top of a background of magnetic moments.  In these theories, phonons are not at all important...  "The results we found provide the first direct evidence for a significant and unconventional role of phonons in the high temperature superconductivity, meaning that all the reasons that have been used so far to disregard the importance of phonons are not valid anymore," Lanzara said. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2004/08/040824014758.htm Asymmetric Feature Shows Puzzling Face For Superconductivity:  The weird behavior of electrons tunneling across an atomically flat interface within a cuprate superconductor has defied explanation by theories of high-temperature superconductivity.  As will be reported in the journal Physical Review Letters, a team of scientists led by physics professor James Eckstein at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign has found a large particle-hole asymmetry in the density of states of excitations in high-temperature superconducting tunnel junctions embedded in a single crystal heterostructure. Since superconductors are supposed to possess particle-hole symmetry — according to current theories — new theoretical work may be required to explain the strange results. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2004/08/040803093533.htm Study Gives Lowdown On High-temperature Superconductivity:  A new study by theoretical physicists at the University of Toronto and the University of California at Los Angeles (ULCA) could bring scientists one step closer to the dream of a superconductor that functions at room temperature, rather than the frigid temperatures more commonly found in deep space.  The findings, which appear in the March 4 issue of the journal Nature, identify three factors that explain a perplexing pattern in the temperatures at which multi-layered ceramic materials become superconductors. The study could advance research in medical imaging, electrical power transmission and magnetically levitating trains. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2004/03/040304072747.htm Fluid 'Stripes' May Be Essential For High-temperature Superconductivity:  Scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy's Brookhaven National Laboratory, in collaboration with researchers at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in the United Kingdom and Tohoku University in Japan, have discovered evidence supporting a possible mechanism for high-temperature superconductivity that had previously appeared incompatible with certain experimental observations.  The finding, which hinges paradoxically on what the scientists observed in a particular material that loses its superconductivity for a special composition of atoms, is bound to be controversial in this dynamic field. It is described in the June 3, 2004 issue of Nature.  "We definitely expect some controversy," said Brookhaven physicist John Tranquada, lead author on the paper, "because our data suggest that some popular ideas are wrong." http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2004/06/040603065833.htm "We have established direct evidence for the existence of an odd-parity superconductor, which previously had been theorized but never demonstrated in an unambiguous experiment," says Liu. http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2004-11/ps-ece110504.php Superconducting transmission cable is becoming practical:  Using improved processing equipment developed with support from the National Institute of Standards and Technology's Advanced Technology Program, American Superconductor Corporation (AMSC) has produced lengths of record-breaking high-temperature superconductor (HTS) wire.  Large-scale use of 2G HTS wire carrying high amperage electrical current with virtually no resistance promises dramatic gains in energy efficiency.  Today about 10 percent of transmitted electricity is wasted, largely due to resistance.  The new technology also can increase the efficiency of large electric motors by as much as 50 percent and enable smaller, more powerful magnetic resonance imaging machines for medicine. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2003/11/031124071226.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2004/05/040510014333.htm boot from the shadow of a broken mirror

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