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All 4 posts Subject: Nicotine Addiction Gene Identified Please login to post Down

Unobtainium
(Minister of Propaganda)
11-05-04 08:21
No 539821
User Picture       Nicotine Addiction Gene Identified

By Ed Edelson
HealthDay Reporter

THURSDAY, Nov. 4 (HealthDayNews) -- Researchers say they have identified brain cell receptors that appear to be responsible for nicotine addiction, a finding of clear importance for smokers who are desperately trying to kick the habit.

The receptors normally are activated by acetylcholine, a molecule that carries signals between nerve cells and has multiple functions in the body. A large number of acetylcholine receptors have been identified, each with subunits adapted for a specific function. Twelve of those receptors also are activated by nicotine.

Experiments with genetically engineered mice show that a mutation in a subunit of a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, designated alpha4, makes the animals unusually sensitive to the effects of nicotine, said a report in the Nov. 5 issue of Science by researchers at the California Institute of Technology.

"It hasn't been known which nicotinic acetylcholine receptor has been primarily responsible for nicotine addiction," said research leader Henry A. Lester, a professor of biology at Cal Tech. "This finding goes a long way toward saying that a particular kind of receptor is sufficient for many of the events of nicotine addiction."

The finding was made by breeding mice that lacked specific receptor subunits and testing their response to nicotine. Mice lacking the subunit designated beta2 had reduced sensitivity to nicotine, while mice bred to have a mutated form of the alpha4 subunit were unusually sensitive to it, the researchers reported.

"These data indicate that activation of alpha4 is sufficient for nicotine-induced reward, tolerance and sensitization," they wrote.

The path ahead for a treatment to stop nicotine addiction would seem to be clear: simply find a molecule that blocks the alpha4 subunit. But the complex nature of the nicotinic acetylcholine system makes that pathway anything but smooth, Lester said.

He and his colleagues now are doing "molecular detective work to look at the downstream events that occur after receptor activation." They are trying to identify the molecules that result from the nicotine-receptor interaction and that cause addiction.

"We are also filling in the blanks for an animal model of nicotine addiction," Lester said. Developing a mouse that lives only for nicotine will accelerate the development of a cure for human addiction, he said.

He warned against expecting quick results. If nicotine addiction is made a major issue for expanded funding, his estimate is that a treatment could be developed in "between five and 20 years."

Daniel McGehee, an assistant professor in the University of Chicago department of anesthesiology and critical care who has been working on nicotine addiction for years, had an enthusiastic but qualified response to the report.

"This is an exciting paper that provides compelling support for a specific type of receptor," McGehee said. But, he added, "there is more to it than just identifying a subunit."

"The only caveat is that these receptors are doing other things as well," McGehee said. "If you target this receptor specifically, you may have other side effects."

Still, even if there are undesirable side effects, a blocker may be useful for "a chronically addicted smoker who has tried everything else," he said.

http://story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&cid=97&ncid=97&e=7&u=/hsn/20041104/hl_hsn/nicotineaddictiongeneidentified

Milk rots your brain.

biotechdude
(Hive Bee)
11-05-04 23:00
No 539917
User Picture       Stress and Genetics - increase risk of addiction

Thursday, October 14, 2004

Stress and genetics - increase risk of addiction

New research has found extreme stress can trigger a gene making it harder for people to resist alcohol and drugs in social situations. The research has discovered that people who have the gene and are exposed to stressful situations, particularly as teenagers or young adults, are at a high risk of becoming alcoholics, addictive smokers or heroin addicts.

From http://www.heartmathreport.com/index.php/weblog/stress_and_genetics_increase_risk_of_addiction/

Source Article http://www.news.qut.edu.au/cgi-bin/WebObjects/News.woa/wa/goNewsPage?newsEventID=3341

jsorex
(Hive Addict)
11-06-04 11:42
No 540022
      "stress can trigger a gene"..

"stress can trigger a gene"..

Right..

Rhodium
(Chief Bee)
11-07-04 17:06
No 540216
User Picture       stress can trigger the *expression* of a gene

The correct wording is that stress can trigger the expression of a gene, leading to the synthesis of a protein (i.e. an enzyme, receptor etc).

^{The Hive - Clandestine Chemists Without Borders}

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	All 4 posts		Subject: Nicotine Addiction Gene Identified		Please login to post		Down


		Unobtainium (Minister of Propaganda) 11-05-04 08:21 No 539821				Nicotine Addiction Gene Identified
						By Ed Edelson HealthDay Reporter THURSDAY, Nov. 4 (HealthDayNews) -- Researchers say they have identified brain cell receptors that appear to be responsible for nicotine addiction, a finding of clear importance for smokers who are desperately trying to kick the habit. The receptors normally are activated by acetylcholine, a molecule that carries signals between nerve cells and has multiple functions in the body. A large number of acetylcholine receptors have been identified, each with subunits adapted for a specific function. Twelve of those receptors also are activated by nicotine. Experiments with genetically engineered mice show that a mutation in a subunit of a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, designated alpha4, makes the animals unusually sensitive to the effects of nicotine, said a report in the Nov. 5 issue of Science by researchers at the California Institute of Technology. "It hasn't been known which nicotinic acetylcholine receptor has been primarily responsible for nicotine addiction," said research leader Henry A. Lester, a professor of biology at Cal Tech. "This finding goes a long way toward saying that a particular kind of receptor is sufficient for many of the events of nicotine addiction." The finding was made by breeding mice that lacked specific receptor subunits and testing their response to nicotine. Mice lacking the subunit designated beta2 had reduced sensitivity to nicotine, while mice bred to have a mutated form of the alpha4 subunit were unusually sensitive to it, the researchers reported. "These data indicate that activation of alpha4 is sufficient for nicotine-induced reward, tolerance and sensitization," they wrote. The path ahead for a treatment to stop nicotine addiction would seem to be clear: simply find a molecule that blocks the alpha4 subunit. But the complex nature of the nicotinic acetylcholine system makes that pathway anything but smooth, Lester said. He and his colleagues now are doing "molecular detective work to look at the downstream events that occur after receptor activation." They are trying to identify the molecules that result from the nicotine-receptor interaction and that cause addiction. "We are also filling in the blanks for an animal model of nicotine addiction," Lester said. Developing a mouse that lives only for nicotine will accelerate the development of a cure for human addiction, he said. He warned against expecting quick results. If nicotine addiction is made a major issue for expanded funding, his estimate is that a treatment could be developed in "between five and 20 years." Daniel McGehee, an assistant professor in the University of Chicago department of anesthesiology and critical care who has been working on nicotine addiction for years, had an enthusiastic but qualified response to the report. "This is an exciting paper that provides compelling support for a specific type of receptor," McGehee said. But, he added, "there is more to it than just identifying a subunit." "The only caveat is that these receptors are doing other things as well," McGehee said. "If you target this receptor specifically, you may have other side effects." Still, even if there are undesirable side effects, a blocker may be useful for "a chronically addicted smoker who has tried everything else," he said. http://story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&cid=97&ncid=97&e=7&u=/hsn/20041104/hl_hsn/nicotineaddictiongeneidentified Milk rots your brain.



		biotechdude (Hive Bee) 11-05-04 23:00 No 539917				Stress and Genetics - increase risk of addiction
						Thursday, October 14, 2004 Stress and genetics - increase risk of addiction New research has found extreme stress can trigger a gene making it harder for people to resist alcohol and drugs in social situations. The research has discovered that people who have the gene and are exposed to stressful situations, particularly as teenagers or young adults, are at a high risk of becoming alcoholics, addictive smokers or heroin addicts. From http://www.heartmathreport.com/index.php/weblog/stress_and_genetics_increase_risk_of_addiction/ Source Article http://www.news.qut.edu.au/cgi-bin/WebObjects/News.woa/wa/goNewsPage?newsEventID=3341



		jsorex (Hive Addict) 11-06-04 11:42 No 540022				"stress can trigger a gene"..
						"stress can trigger a gene".. Right..



		Rhodium (Chief Bee) 11-07-04 17:06 No 540216				*stress can trigger the expression* of a gene**
						The correct wording is that stress can trigger the expression of a gene, leading to the synthesis of a protein (i.e. an enzyme, receptor etc). ^{The Hive - Clandestine Chemists Without Borders}

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